Reflux is the return of small amounts of stomach contents to the mouth through the esophagus, and this usually occurs from the first week of a baby’s life.

There is a circular muscle at the lower end of the esophagus called the esophageal sphincter. During swallowing, this muscle relaxes to allow food to easily pass into the stomach. The main function of this muscle is to prevent stomach contents from returning to the upper esophagus thanks to its permanent contraction.

Reflux in infants is associated with the incomplete development of this muscle. During and after feeding, the liquid stomach content tends to return without any barrier to the esophagus and then to the mouth.

If your child suffers from reflux of stomach content into the esophagus, you may notice the following symptoms:

• Frequent reflux at least twice a day
• Continuous reflux for at least 3 weeks
• Reflux occurs during the first year of life

Usually, the baby does not suffer from other problems such as:

• Difficulty swallowing food and liquids, which may lead to choking or a tendency to vomit
• Irritability, back arching, or feeding refusal
• Frequent coughing and pneumonia

• If your baby is exclusively breastfed, continue to do so.
• If your baby is bottle-fed, consult your healthcare professional, who may recommend using a more suitable thickened anti-reflux formula.
• Adjust the volume and frequency of feedings.
• Hold the baby gently and burp him/her repeatedly.
• Keep the baby in an upright position for at least 30 minutes after feeding.
• Avoid tight clothing around the waist, such as tight diapers and elastic waist belts.
• Avoid sleeping on the stomach.